흔한 실수

Usage & Register 2

Most beginner errors are one wrong particle or one misspelt ending. Learning the handful below removes most red marks from a TOPIK paper.

Usage & Register — Formal and informal usage, false friends, common mistakes.

Lesson

PARTICLE and ENDING decide meaning

A single particle flips the sentence: 학교에 가요 (I go to school) is correct, 학교를 가요 is not. One ending flips the spelling: 안 돼요, not 안 되요. Learn these as fixed pairs.

एक कण वाक्य पलट देता है: 학교에 가요 (मैं स्कूल जाता हूँ) सही है, 학교를 가요 नहीं। एक अंत वर्तनी पलट देता है: 안 돼요, 안 되요 नहीं। इन्हें जोड़ी के रूप में सीखें।

The three pairs that trip everyone

되 vs 돼: 안 돼요. -이에요 vs -예요: 학생이에요, but 커피예요. 에 vs 에서: 학교에 가요 (direction), 학교에서 공부해요 (location of activity).

되 बनाम 돼: 안 돼요। -이에요 बनाम -예요: 학생이에요, पर 커피예요। 에 बनाम 에서: 학교에 가요 (दिशा), 학교에서 공부해요 (क्रिया का स्थान)।

Right and wrong side by side

저는 학생이에요 (I am a student), not 학생이예요. 안 돼요 (It is not allowed), not 안 되요. 세 시에 만나요 (Let us meet at three), not 세 시를 만나요.

저는 학생이에요 (मैं विद्यार्थी हूँ), 학생이예요 नहीं। 안 돼요 (यह नहीं हो सकता), 안 되요 नहीं। 세 시에 만나요 (तीन बजे मिलें), 세 시를 만나요 नहीं।

Native-like small fixes

Koreans notice 은/는 and 이/가 instantly. Use 이/가 to answer 누가? and 은/는 to set the topic: 저는 학생이에요, 제 친구가 선생님이에요.

कोरियन लोग 은/는 और 이/가 तुरंत पकड़ लेते हैं। 누가? का उत्तर देने के लिए 이/가 लगाएँ और विषय तय करने के लिए 은/는: 저는 학생이에요, 제 친구가 선생님이에요।

Writing what you hear

Koreans pronounce 돼 as "dwae" and 되 as "dwi", so learners write 되요 because it sounds close. Spelling follows grammar, not the ear: 안 돼요.

कोरियन 돼 को "dwae" और 되 को "dwi" बोलते हैं, इसलिए शिक्षार्थी 되요 लिख देते हैं क्योंकि वह सुनने में पास लगता है। वर्तनी व्याकरण से चलती है, कान से नहीं: 안 돼요।

Keep a personal error list

After every practice test, write down the one particle or ending you got wrong. Most learners repeat the same three mistakes; fixing them lifts the score fastest.

हर अभ्यास परीक्षा के बाद वह एक कण या अंत लिख लें जो गलत हुआ। अधिकांश शिक्षार्थी वही तीन गलतियाँ दोहराते हैं; उन्हें सुधारना अंक सबसे तेज़ बढ़ाता है।

What TOPIK asks

TOPIK I has dedicated particle and spelling items. The wrong options are built from exactly the pairs above, so recognition is enough to score.

TOPIK I में कण और वर्तनी के अलग प्रश्न होते हैं। गलत विकल्प ठीक ऊपर दी गई जोड़ियों से बनाए जाते हैं, इसलिए पहचान ही अंक दिला देती है।

Practice questions

Q1. 안과 못의 차이로 맞는 것은?

안 और 못 के अंतर का सही वर्णन कौन-सा है?

Answer: 안은 의지, 못은 능력

💡 안은 하지 않겠다는 의지, 못은 할 수 없다는 능력을 나타내요.

Q2. "-와/과"는 두 명사를 이어 줄 때 써요.

"-와/과" दो संज्ञाओं को जोड़ने के लिए प्रयोग होता है।

Answer: True

💡 받침이 있으면 과, 없으면 와를 써서 명사를 이어요.

Q3. 책상 위___ 책이 있어요.

सही कण भरें: 책상 위___ 책이 있어요.

Answer: 에

💡 위치를 나타낼 때도 조사 에를 써요.

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