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Is 지시대명사 이/그/저 useful for TOPIK?

This topic is part of the Korean programme useful for TOPIK I, TOPIK II and school exams. Practising with exam-style questions improves accuracy and speed.

지시대명사 이/그/저

Nouns & Pronouns 2

이 is close to the speaker, 그 is close to the listener, and 저 is far from both. Add 것 (thing), 사람 (person) or 곳 (place) to build 이것, 그 사람, 저곳.

Nouns & Pronouns — Plain nouns, pronouns, the plural and counters.

Lesson

Three distances

이 points to something near me, 그 to something near you, and 저 to something far from us both. The choice is about physical or mental distance, not formality.

이 मेरे पास की चीज़ दिखाता है, 그 आपके पास की, और 저 हम दोनों से दूर की। चुनाव भौतिक या मानसिक दूरी पर है, औपचारिकता पर नहीं।

Demonstrative + noun

A demonstrative cannot stand alone; it needs a following noun. 이 + 것 = 이것, 그 + 사람 = 그 사람, 저 + 곳 = 저곳. The shortened forms 이거, 그거, 저거 are common in speech.

निर्देशक अकेला नहीं टिकता; उसे बाद में संज्ञा चाहिए। 이 + 것 = 이것, 그 + 사람 = 그 사람, 저 + 곳 = 저곳। बोली में छोटे रूप 이거, 그거, 저거 आम हैं।

Pointing at things

이것은 뭐예요? (What is this?). 그 사람은 제 친구예요 (That person near you is my friend). 저 산은 높아요 (That mountain over there is tall). 이거 주세요 (Please give me this).

이것은 뭐예요? (यह क्या है?)। 그 사람은 제 친구예요 (आपके पास वाला वह व्यक्ति मेरा मित्र है)। 저 산은 높아요 (वह दूर का पहाड़ ऊँचा है)। 이거 주세요 (यह दीजिए)।

Confusing 그 and 저

Learners use 그 for everything not immediately in hand. But an object far from both speaker and listener needs 저: 저 건물 (that building over there), not 그 건물.

शिक्षार्थी जो चीज़ हाथ में न हो उसके लिए हर जगह 그 लगा देते हैं। पर बोलने और सुनने वाले दोनों से दूर की वस्तु के लिए 저 चाहिए: 저 건물 (वह दूर की इमारत), 그 건물 नहीं।

Point with your eyes too

When you say 이, glance at the near object; when you say 저, look toward the far one. Matching the word to your gaze fixes the three-way system faster than memorising a table.

이 बोलते समय पास की वस्तु पर नज़र डालें; 저 बोलते समय दूर की ओर देखें। शब्द को दृष्टि से मिलाना तीन-भाग वाला तंत्र तालिका रटने से जल्दी पक्का कर देता है।

What TOPIK asks

TOPIK I often shows a picture and asks 이것은 무엇이에요? or tests 이/그/저 in a short dialogue. Read who is speaking and where the object is before you choose.

TOPIK I प्रायः चित्र दिखाकर 이것은 무엇이에요? पूछता है या छोटे संवाद में 이/그/저 परखता है। चुनने से पहले देखें कि कौन बोल रहा है और वस्तु कहाँ है।

Practice questions

Q1. 이것은 무엇과 무엇이 합쳐진 말이에요?

이것 किन दो शब्दों से मिलकर बनता है?

이와 것
이와 사람
그와 것
저와 곳

Answer: 이와 것

💡 이것은 이와 것이 합쳐진 말이에요.

Q2. ___ 사람은 누구예요?

वह दूर का व्यक्ति कौन है? (दोनों से दूर)

Answer: 저

💡 두 사람 모두에게서 먼 사람은 저로 가리켜요.

Q3. 이것은 제 가방이에요. 저것은 선생님 책이에요.

यह मेरा बस्ता है। वह दूर वाली शिक्षक की किताब है।

가방
책
연필
신발

Answer: 가방

💡 이것은 제 가방이에요에서 이것은 가방이에요.

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