How can I practise 사전형?

Step Ahead Korean offers free exercises on 사전형 with instant marking, answers and explanations in Hindi. You can also take timed tests.

Is 사전형 useful for TOPIK?

This topic is part of the Korean programme useful for TOPIK I, TOPIK II and school exams. Practising with exam-style questions improves accuracy and speed.

사전형

Verb Endings 1

Every Korean verb is listed with 다 glued to its stem: 먹다, 가다, 하다. This shape is called the dictionary form, and it names the verb rather than finishing a sentence.

Verb Endings — Dictionary form, stems, 해요체 and the irregular verbs.

Lesson

Dictionary form = stem + 다

A Korean verb is stored with the ending 다 glued to the stem: 먹다, 가다, 하다. Remove 다 and the stem is left. This is the form printed in every dictionary and word list.

कोरियन क्रिया अपने तने के साथ 다 जोड़कर रखी जाती है: 먹다, 가다, 하다। 다 हटाइए तो तना बचता है। यही रूप हर शब्दकोश और शब्द-सूची में छपा होता है।

From a meaning to a dictionary form

To eat -> 먹다, to go -> 가다, to do -> 하다, to see -> 보다. The English meaning points to a Korean word that always ends in 다.

खाना -> 먹다, जाना -> 가다, करना -> 하다, देखना -> 보다। अंग्रेज़ी अर्थ ऐसे कोरियन शब्द की ओर संकेत करता है जो सदा 다 पर समाप्त होता है।

Dictionary forms in a word list

먹다 (to eat), 가다 (to go), 오다 (to come), 하다 (to do), 보다 (to see), 마시다 (to drink).

먹다 (खाना), 가다 (जाना), 오다 (आना), 하다 (करना), 보다 (देखना), 마시다 (पीना)।

Using the dictionary form as a sentence

Beginners write 밥을 먹다 for “I eat a meal”. A sentence needs a speech-level ending: 밥을 먹어요. The bare form 먹다 is only a name, so it never finishes a polite sentence.

शुरुआती लोग “मैं भोजन करता हूँ” के लिए 밥을 먹다 लिख देते हैं। वाक्य को विनम्र अंत चाहिए: 밥을 먹어요। नंगा रूप 먹다 केवल नाम है, इसलिए वह विनम्र वाक्य को समाप्त नहीं करता।

Learn the pair together

Memorise the dictionary form and its 해요 form as a pair: 먹다 / 먹어요, 가다 / 가요. Then every new ending is one more layer on a verb you already own.

शब्दकोश रूप और उसका 해요 रूप जोड़ी में याद करें: 먹다 / 먹어요, 가다 / 가요। फिर हर नया अंत उस क्रिया पर एक और परत बन जाता है जो आपको पहले से आती है।

How TOPIK lists verbs

On TOPIK the verb is always given in the dictionary form, for example 듣다 (to listen). You must build the ending yourself, so recognising the dictionary form is the first skill the exam asks for.

TOPIK में क्रिया सदा शब्दकोश रूप में दी जाती है, जैसे 듣다 (सुनना)। अंत आपको स्वयं बनाना होता है, इसलिए शब्दकोश रूप पहचानना पहला कौशल है जो परीक्षा माँगती है।

Practice questions

Q1. 사전에 동사가 실리는 형태는?

शब्दकोश में क्रिया किस रूप में दी जाती है?

사전형 (기본형)
현재형
과거형
미래형

Answer: 사전형 (기본형)

💡 동사는 사전형, 곧 기본형으로 실려요.

Q2. 다음 뜻에 맞는 동사의 사전형을 쓰세요.

“जाना” अर्थ वाली क्रिया का शब्दकोश रूप लिखें।

Answer: 가다

💡 “가다”가 바로 그 동사의 사전형이에요.

Q3. “책을 읽어요”에서 동사의 사전형을 쓰세요.

“책을 읽어요” में क्रिया का शब्दकोश रूप लिखें।

Answer: 읽다

💡 읽어요의 어간은 읽이므로 사전형은 읽다예요.

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사전형