과거 시제

Tenses 2

The past tense inserts 았 or 었 before 어요, again by vowel harmony. 갔어요, 먹었어요, 했어요.

Tenses — Present, past and future, and how the ending changes with time.

Lesson

Add ㅆ to the 아/어 form

Build the 해요 present form first, then add a ㅆ batchim to it and finish with 요: 먹어요 -> 먹었어요. The vowel (아 or 어) never changes, only a ㅆ is added.

पहले 해요 वर्तमान रूप बनाएँ, फिर उसमें ㅆ बतचिम जोड़ें और अंत में 요 लगाएँ: 먹어요 -> 먹었어요। स्वर (아 या 어) कभी नहीं बदलता, केवल ㅆ जुड़ता है।

One rule, three examples

가다 -> 가요 -> 갔어요. 먹다 -> 먹어요 -> 먹었어요. 하다 -> 해요 -> 했어요. 마시다 -> 마셔요 -> 마셨어요.

가다 -> 가요 -> 갔어요। 먹다 -> 먹어요 -> 먹었어요। 하다 -> 해요 -> 했어요। 마시다 -> 마셔요 -> 마셨어요।

Past sentences

어제 친구를 만났어요 (I met a friend yesterday). 아침에 밥을 먹었어요 (I ate in the morning). 주말에 영화를 봤어요 (I watched a film at the weekend).

어제 친구를 만났어요 (मैं कल मित्र से मिला)। 아침에 밥을 먹었어요 (मैंने सुबह भोजन किया)। 주말에 영화를 봤어요 (मैंने सप्ताहांत में फ़िल्म देखी)।

Choosing the wrong vowel

The past keeps the same vowel as the present. Because 하다 takes 해요, its past is 했어요; writing 핬어요 or 하았어요 is wrong.

भूत काल वर्तमान जैसा ही स्वर रखता है। चूँकि 하다 से 해요 बनता है, उसका भूत 했어요 है; 핬어요 या 하았어요 लिखना गलत है।

Time words make it obvious

Pair the past tense with 어제 (yesterday), 지난 (last) or 아까 (earlier). The time word tells the listener the tense even while you are still getting the ending right.

भूत काल को 어제 (कल), 지난 (पिछला) या 아까 (थोड़ी देर पहले) के साथ जोड़ें। समय-शब्द सुनने वाले को काल बता देते हैं, जब तक आप अंत सही करना सीख रहे हों।

Practice questions

Q1. 사다의 과거형은 무엇일까요?

사다 का भूत काल रूप क्या है?

Answer: 샀어요

💡 사다의 과거형은 샀어요예요.

Q2. 다음 중 과거형이 바르게 쓰인 문장은?

इनमें से कौन-सा वाक्य भूत काल में सही है?

Answer: 어제 학교에 갔어요

💡 어제는 과거이므로 갔어요를 써요.

Q3. 어제 친구를 ___ (만나다).

어제 친구를 ___ (만나다)।

Answer: 만났어요

💡 만나다의 과거형은 만났어요예요.

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Related topics — Tenses


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