의문문

Sentence Structure 1

A Korean question keeps the same word order as a statement. Yes/no questions only rise in tone; wh-questions put a question word like 뭐, 어디 or 언제 in the right slot.

Sentence Structure — Word order, negation, questions and linking clauses.

Lesson

A statement plus a tone

밥을 먹어요 is "I eat a meal". Say it with a rising ending and it becomes 밥을 먹어요? (Are you eating?). No word order changes; only the intonation rises.

밥을 먹어요 का अर्थ "मैं भोजन खाता हूँ" है। अंत को ऊपर उठाकर कहें तो 밥을 먹어요? (क्या आप खा रहे हैं?) बन जाता है। शब्द-क्रम नहीं बदलता; केवल स्वर ऊपर उठता है।

Question word stays in place

뭐 (what), 누구 (who), 어디 (where), 언제 (when), 왜 (why), 어떻게 (how). The question word fills the slot of the thing you are asking about, and the verb stays last: 어디에 가요? 뭐 먹어요?

뭐 (क्या), 누구 (कौन), 어디 (कहाँ), 언제 (कब), 왜 (क्यों), 어떻게 (कैसे)। प्रश्नवाचक शब्द उसी जगह आता है जिसके बारे में पूछ रहे हैं, और क्रिया अंत में रहती है: 어디에 가요? 뭐 먹어요?

Questions you ask daily

이름이 뭐예요? (What is your name?). 어디에 살아요? (Where do you live?). 언제 와요? (When are you coming?). 밥 먹었어요? (Have you eaten?).

이름이 뭐예요? (आपका नाम क्या है?)। 어디에 살아요? (आप कहाँ रहते हैं?)। 언제 와요? (आप कब आते हैं?)। 밥 먹었어요? (क्या आपने खाना खाया?)।

Questions without a question word

At a shop, a rise in tone is enough: 이거 얼마예요? (How much is this?). In polite service the same shape appears as 이거 얼마입니까? — still the verb last.

दुकान पर स्वर ऊपर उठाना ही पर्याप्त है: 이거 얼마예요? (यह कितने का है?)। विनम्र सेवा में यही रूप 이거 얼마입니까? बन जाता है — क्रिया फिर भी अंत में।

Moving the question word to the front

English fronting makes learners write 무엇 밥을 먹어요?. Keep Korean order: 밥을 뭐 먹어요? is still odd - the natural sentence is 뭐 먹어요? with the object slot occupied by 뭐.

अंग्रेज़ी की आदत से शिक्षार्थी 무엇 밥을 먹어요? लिखते हैं। कोरियन क्रम रखें: 밥을 뭐 먹어요? भी अस्वाभाविक है - स्वाभाविक वाक्य 뭐 먹어요? है जिसमें कर्म का स्थान 뭐 ले लेता है।

Keep the polite 요

A question is not less polite than a statement. Do not drop 요 to "make it a question"; the rising tone already does that job.

प्रश्न कथन से कम विनम्र नहीं होता। "प्रश्न बनाने" के लिए 요 न हटाएँ; ऊपर उठता स्वर यह काम पहले ही कर देता है।

What TOPIK asks

TOPIK I listening items are mostly questions. Train your ear on the final rising tone and on the question word at the start of the meaningful part of the sentence.

TOPIK I के श्रवण प्रश्न प्रायः प्रश्नवाचक होते हैं। अंत के ऊपर उठते स्वर और वाक्य के सार्थक भाग के आरंभ में आने वाले प्रश्नवाचक शब्द पर कान साधें।

Practice questions

Q1. 다음을 한국어로 쓰세요: Where do you live?

इसे कोरियन में लिखें: आप कहाँ रहते हैं?

Answer: 어디에 살아요?

💡 어디에가 장소를 묻고 동사 살아요가 끝에 와요.

Q2. 다음 조각을 바른 어순으로 배열하세요: (A) 뭐 (B) 먹었어요 (C) 아침에

इन टुकड़ों को सही क्रम में लगाएँ: (A) 뭐 (B) 먹었어요 (C) 아침에

Answer: C A B

💡 시간 아침에가 먼저, 목적어 뭐가 다음, 동사 먹었어요가 마지막이에요.

Q3. 밥을 ___ 먹었어요?

सही विकल्प चुनें: 밥을 ___ 먹었어요?

Answer: 언제

💡 시간을 묻는 의문사 언제가 알맞아요.

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Related topics — Sentence Structure


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