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Is 한글 음절 구조 useful for TOPIK?

This topic is part of the Korean programme useful for TOPIK I, TOPIK II and school exams. Practising with exam-style questions improves accuracy and speed.

한글 음절 구조

Hangul & Pronunciation 1

Every Korean syllable is packed into a square block. The block holds an initial consonant, a vowel and sometimes a final consonant, and it is read as one unit.

Hangul & Pronunciation — Jamo, syllable blocks, batchim and the basic sound changes.

Lesson

Three positions inside one square

A syllable block has an initial consonant (초성), a vowel (중성) and an optional final consonant (종성). ㅎ + ㅏ makes 하, and adding ㄴ makes 한. A block is read as one unit, never letter by letter.

किसी अक्षर-खंड में आरंभिक व्यंजन (초성), स्वर (중성) और वैकल्पिक अंतिम व्यंजन (종성) होता है। ㅎ + ㅏ से 하 बनता है, और ㄴ जोड़ने से 한 बनता है। खंड को एक इकाई के रूप में पढ़ा जाता है, अक्षर-दर-अक्षर नहीं।

Where the vowel sits

A vertical vowel such as ㅏ, ㅓ or ㅣ stands to the right of the consonant: 가, 너, 시. A horizontal vowel such as ㅗ, ㅜ or ㅡ sits below: 고, 누, 스. The final consonant always goes at the bottom.

ㅏ, ㅓ, ㅣ जैसे खड़े स्वर व्यंजन के दाईं ओर रहते हैं: 가, 너, 시। ㅗ, ㅜ, ㅡ जैसे लेटे स्वर नीचे बैठते हैं: 고, 누, 스। अंतिम व्यंजन सदैव सबसे नीचे जाता है।

One block, one sound

가 (ga), 고 (go), 한 (han), 밥 (bap), 물 (mul), 사람 (saram). Notice that 밥 has three positions: ㅂ + ㅏ + ㅂ.

가 (गा), 고 (गो), 한 (हान), 밥 (बाप), 물 (मुल), 사람 (साराम)। ध्यान दें कि 밥 में तीन स्थान हैं: ㅂ + ㅏ + ㅂ।

Blocks on real signs

Signs are read block by block: 커피 (coffee), 화장실 (restroom), 서울 (Seoul). Even a long word is only a row of blocks, not a row of loose letters.

संकेतों को खंड-दर-खंड पढ़ा जाता है: 커피 (कॉफ़ी), 화장실 (शौचालय), 서울 (सियोल)। लंबा शब्द भी केवल खंडों की पंक्ति है, बिखरे अक्षरों की नहीं।

Leaving the initial position empty

The commonest error is writing ㅇ only when it is pronounced. Every syllable that starts with a vowel still needs the silent initial ㅇ: 아 is ㅇ + ㅏ, not a bare ㅏ. Never leave the initial position empty.

सबसे आम गलती यह है कि ㅇ केवल तब लिखा जाता है जब वह बोला जाए। स्वर से शुरू होने वाले हर अक्षर में निर्वाक् आरंभिक ㅇ आवश्यक है: 아 = ㅇ + ㅏ है, केवल ㅏ नहीं। आरंभिक स्थान कभी खाली न छोड़ें।

Draw the square first

Draw a square and fill it left to right, then top to bottom. Say the whole syllable aloud after finishing the block, not while writing each jamo.

एक चौकोर बनाएँ और उसे बाएँ से दाएँ, फिर ऊपर से नीचे भरें। खंड पूरा करने के बाद पूरा अक्षर बोलकर पढ़ें, हर जामो लिखते समय नहीं।

Practice questions

Q1. 다음 중 종성이 있는 글자는?

इनमें से किस अक्षर में अंतिम व्यंजन है?

Answer: 한

💡 한은 ㄴ 종성으로 끝나요. 고, 가, 너는 종성이 없어요.

Q2. 사람

사람 का उच्चारण लिखें।

Answer: saram

💡 사람은 사 + 람이므로 "saram"이라고 읽어요.

Q3. 아는 ___ + ㅏ로 이루어져 있어요.

아, ___ + ㅏ से बना है।

Answer: ㅇ

💡 아는 첫소리 ㅇ과 중성 ㅏ로 이루어져 있어요.

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